Menya imwe mumiti ukwiriye kwirinda gukoresha igihe utwite

 

Ubu bwoko icumi (10) butandukanye tugiye kubonera hamwe irinde kubunywa, kubuterwa, kubusiga kuruhu, kuwushyira mu ijisho, cyangwa nikindi cyose wawukoresha kigatuma winjira mu mubiri wawe igihe utwite cg uteganya gutwita.

1. Imiti ya antibiyotike (Antibiotics)

 Iyi ni imiti yica cg irwananya ni imiti yica udukoko twomubwoko bwamabagiteri (bacteries). Rero iyi imiti ikurikira wakwirinda kuyifata igihe utwite, iyo miti ya antibiyotike niyi ikurikira:

• Fluoroquinolones (aha twasangamo ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and norfloxacin)
• Nitrofurantoin
• Streptomycin
• Sulfonamides (aha twasangamo umuti witwa sulfasalazine na trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole uzwi nka bagitirimu)
• Tetracycline

Icyitonderwa: iyi miti impamvu utayifata nuko yatera umwana utwite ibyago kumugara kwamagufa no mungingo (bone and joint abnormalities).

Iyi foto yerekana umwana ufite ubumuga bw'amagufa no mungingo.

2. Imiti ivura igicuri (Anticonvulsants Drugs)

·         Carbamazepine

·         Phenobarbital

·         Phenytoin

·         Valproate

 

Icyitonderwa: iyi miti impamvu ukwiye kuyirinda igihe utwite nuko yatera umwana utwite ibibazo byo kuba yava amaraso ntame (Bleeding problems). Igihe uramutse warayifashe uyandikiwe na muganga utwite, kugira wirinde iki kuba umwana yagira icyo kibazo uragirwa inama yogufata Vitamin K zokunywa ziminsi mirongo itatu. Izi uzifata mbere yiminsi mirongo itatu yuko ubyara. Muganga ukwitaho ushobora kumuganiriza kwicyo kibazo akaba yakugira inama zisumbuyeho.
Iyi miti kandi yatera umwana ikibazo cyo kuba hari ibice byo kumubiri kugice cyurutirigongo biba bitifunguye neza (spina bifida), kigasa nkaho afite ipfufu cg inyonjo kumugongo. umuti wa valproate (Depakine) wamutera ibibazo byokugira ibibari (cleft palate), n’inenge zo mumaso, umutima, igihanga (amagufa agize umutwe), amaguru, amaboko ndetse numugongo.

Iyi foto yerekana umwana ufite ibibari. 

3. Imiti y’umutima
a. Imiti yo bwa ihagarika kwihindura kwa anjiyotansine (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors) aha twasangamo nka:

• Captopril
• Benazepril
• Fosinopril
• Enalapril
• Lisinopril
• Quinapril
• Ramipril
• Trandolapril
• Perindopril

Icyitonderwa: Iyi miti itera ibibazo bikomeye umwana utwite, nko kwangiza impyiko zumwana, kugabanya amazi yo muri nyababyeyi (reduce amiotic fluid,  kwangiza ibihaha , inenge mumaso yumwana, ni inenenge kubice byamaguru n’amaboko.

b. Imiti ihagarika kalisiyumu mumaraso (Calcium Channel Blockers)

• Isradipine
• Nisoldipine
• Amlodipine
• Verapamil
• Nifedipine (sustained-release only)
• Diltiazem(sustained-release only)
• Nicardipine
• Felodipine

Icyitonderwa: Imiti yubu bwoko itera kwireka kwa amazi mutubumbambari (ankles) twumwana, isereri (Dizziness), kubabara umutwe (headache), gutemba (flushing), ikirungurira (heartburn),  umuvuduko udasanzwe wogutera kumutima (tachycardia), no kugira inenge zibinyigishi. Verapamil nayo itera umwana impatwe (constipation).

c. Imiti yomubwoko bwa Beta Blockers drugs

• Atenolol
• Bisoprolol
• Metoprolol
• Acebutolol
• Nadolol
• Penbutolol
• Propranolol
• Betaxolol
• Carteolol
• Timolol
• Nebivolol
• Pindolol

Icyitonderwa: iyi miti itera umwana kugwingira (slow growth), kugira isukari nkeya mumaraso, no gutera buhoro byumutima.

d. Imiti ikoreshwa mugusohora amazi mumubiri (Thiazide Diuretics drugs)

• Chlorothiazide
• Bendroflumethiazide
• Hydroflumethiazide
• Chlorthalidone
• Hydrochlorothiazide
• Methyclothiazide
• Metolazone
• Indapamide

Icyitonderwa: Gufata Diuretics mugihe cyo utwite bizamutera kugabanuka kurwego rwa ogisijeni (oxygen) mumubiri we, Potasiyumu (potassium), sodium (Sodium), no kugabanuka Umubare wutunyangingo tw pulatirete (platelets).

4. Imiti ivura kwiyumvamo ubwoba cg imiti yumuhangayiko (Antianxiety)

• Diazepam

Icyitonderwa: Iyo uyu muti ufashwe mugihembwe cya gatatu cyo gutwita bitera umwana gugira uburakari budasanzwe, gukabya gukabije mukwiheba kumwana, nogutitira (shaking).

5. Mood-stabilizing drugs to avoid during pregnancy

• Lithium

Icyitonderwa: Iyi miti itera umwana kugwingira, inenge yimitsi, diyabete, ninenge mumikorere ya tiroyide (thyroid gland).

6. Imiti igabanya kubyimba (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

• Naproxen
• Ibuprofen
• Aspirin and other salicylates

 Icyitonderwa: Iyo iyi imiti ifashwe doze (dose) nyishi, birashobora gutuma inda ivamo mugihembwe cya mbere, gufunga imburagihe kwimiyoboro  yimijyana minini yamaraso (aorta)  nimijyana mito ijya mubihaha (ductus arteriosus),kugira ibibazo byamaso ( jaundice), kwangirika kwangirika kw'amara (necrotizing enterocolitis), no kuva amaraso ntakame. Iyo imiti ifashwe mumezi yanyuma utwite, bitera igabanywa rikabije ryamazi akikije uruhinja.

 

7. Imiti yimisemburo (Sex Hormones)

• Synthetic progestins
• Danazol

Icyitonderwa: Iyo Synthetic Progestine na Danazol bifashwe mugihebwe cyogutwita bitera umwana masculinisation yimyanya ndangagitsina gore, rimwe na rimwe bisaba kubagwa kugirango bikosorwe. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) itera inenge yigitsina cy’umuhungu. Inenge ya nyababyeyi, ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'inda ibyara, n’ibibazo by'imihango mugihe utwite umukobwa.

8. Inkingo (Vaccines)
Inkingo zimbasa (polio),  iseru (measles), mumps cg urwa yellow fever
Icyitonderwa: izi nkingo zitera ama imfegisiyo muri nyababyeyi.

9. Imiti ikoreshwa kuvura uruhu (Drugs used in skin treatment)

• Isotretinoin
• Etretinate

Icyitonderwa: Iyi miti yombi itera ubumuga, nkamatwi mato, inenge z'umutima, nokugira amazi mensi mubice byubwonko (hydrocephalus). Isotretinoin yo itera kugira ubumuga bwubwenge (Intellectual disability) hamwe ningaruka zo gukuvamo kwinda (miscarriage).

10. Imiti yokunywa ya diyabete (Oral ant diabetic drugs)

• Metformin
• Glyburide
• Tolbutamide
• Chlorpropamide

Icyitonderwa: Iyo kugenzura bidahagije indwara ya diyabete ku mugore utwite mugihe umugore utwite urwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri afata imiti, byongera amahirwe yo kongera ibyago byo gukuramo inda. Ikindi kandi, bitera isukari nke mumaraso yumwana.