Tumenye indwara yo kujojoba (Obstetric Fistula), ingaruka zayo n'uburyo wayirinda

 

Taliki ya 23 Gicurasi ni umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe kurwanya indwara yo kujojoba, izwi mundimi zamahanga nka Obstetric Fistula (soma obusitetirike fisitula). Nkuko tubikesha umuryango mpuzamahanga wita kubuzima buri mwaka abagore bari hagati yibihumbi mirongo itanu (50 000) n’ibihumbi magana tanu (500 000) bagira ikibazo cyo gufatwa niyi ndwara, nanone bakerekana ko abagore bakiri bato bagera kuri miriyoni ebyiri (2 million) byabarwayi bafite iyi ndwara babarizwa mubihugu byo muri Aziya no muri Afurika yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara. Iyi ndwara ya Obstetric Fistula iterwa nokwangirika mubice byimyanya myibarukiro by’umugore, aho umugore uyirwaye aba atagifite ububasha bwo kugenzura kujya kunyara cg kwituma kuko iyi myanda iza atabizi kuko imyanya ye iba yaramaze kwangirika.

Nkuko tubikesha urubuga rwita kumbare rwo mu Bwongereza (www.ics.org) bagaragaza ko hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa Obstetric Fistula.  Ubwoko bwa mbere ni ubufata mugice cy’inda ibyara ariyo nyababyeyi hagahura numuyoboro usohora inkari hanze,  ubwoko bwa kabiri ni igihe habaho guhura kw’inda ibyara nuruhago rw’inkari, ubundi bwoko bwa gatatu ni igihe inda ibyara iba yahuye nimyanya isohora umwanda ukomeye (rectum). Aha umubyeyi ashobora kugira ubu bwoko bukomatanye.

Fistula niki?

Fistula ni igihe habayeho ihura ridasanzwe (cg kwifungura) hagati yingingo ebyiri zimbere cyangwa hagati yingingo zimbere mumubiri nibice byinyuma kumubiri. Ishobora guterwa no kurwara, kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire (radiation therapy), igihe ubagwa cyangwa hagize ikigukomeretsa ibyo bice. Ibi bituma habaho kumeneka cg gusoka kwamatembabuzi cg ibindi byari muricyo gice bikajya mukindi gice bitagenewe cg bikameneka bijya hanze yumubiri. Aha dufate urugero ugize ibyago hakagira ikintu gitobora inda (igifu) yawe ibiri  munda bihita bisohohaka hanze binyuze muri uwo mwobo.

Obstetric Fistula yo niki?

Obstetric Fistula nkuko twabiboneye hamwe haruguru ko ari indwara yo kujojoba ni indwara iterwa nokuba umwana atindamumatako y’umugore (akamaramo nkiminsi)   igihe arimo kubyara, bishobora guterwa no kuba umwana ari munini cg ari munda muri position (soma pozisiyo) asa nuhagaze cg yitambitse. Aha rero umwana atsikamira ibi bice umubyeyi (vagina, bladder, urethra na rectum) maze oxygen (soma ogusijene) ntibe ikigera muri ibi bice bikamuviramo kwangirika (tissue death bizwi muri terime yagihanga cg yabaganga nka necrosis) kwimyanya y’inda ibyara ndetse nuruhago rwinkari cg ahasokera umwanda ukomeye (rectum).

EseuUbwoko bwa Obstetric Fistula ni ubuhe?

1. Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF), ubu bwoko bubaho igihe habaye kwihuza kuruhago (bladder) nigice kimbere mugisina cy’umugorebe (vagina).
2. Urethrovaginal fistula (UVF), ubu bwoko bubaho igihe habaye kwihuza Umuyoboro winkari (urethra) nibice byimbere mugitsina cy’umugore (vagina).
3. Rectovaginal fistula (RVF), ubu bwoko bubaho igihe habaye kwihuza kwibice bisohora umwanda ukomeye (rectum) nimyanya yimbere mu gitsina cy’umugore (vagina).
4. Ureterovaginal fistula, ubu bwoko bubaho igihe habaye kwihuza kwimiyoboro y’ibyiko (ureters) nibice byimbere mugitsina cy’umugore (vagina).
5. Vesicouterine fistula, ubu bwoko bubaho igihe habaye kwihuza k’uruhago (bladder) na nyababyeyi (uterus).

Icyitonderwa: ubu buryo umogore ashobora kuburwara bukomatanye ari bubiri cg uburenze bubiri.

Nizihe mapmvu zagutera kugira iyi ndwara ya Obstetric Fistula?

• Gutura kure y’ivuriro (health facilities), cg hakaba hatari abaganga bahuguriwe umwuga wububyaza kugira bagufashe mugihe hakenewe ko ubagwa ngo ubyare.
• Kuba ivuriro urimo hatari ababyaza bahagije.
• Kuba hatari imiti nibikoresho bihaje byifashishwa mukubyaza.

Izindi mpamvu twavuga:

• Ubukene,
• Kugwingira kumubyeyi (malnutrition),
• Kutagira ubumenyi buhagije bwo kwiyitaho mugihe utwite cg ubwo kuboneza urubyaro,
• Imico yabamwe ituma abana bashaka batagejeje igihe cg bakabakata bimwe mubice ndagitsina byabo,
• Imico yaho usengera, hari nkaho usanga muri Africa bakata abakobwa bimwe mu ibice byigitsina cyabo (female circumcision).

Ese ingaruka ziterwa na Obstetric Fistula ni izihe?

• Guhagarara kw’imihango,
• Kugira ibibazo byama infections (soma imfegisiyo) zifata muribyo bisebe uba ufite,
• Gufungana kwimbere mugitsina (vaginal narrowing),
• Kwinyarira bihoraho,
• Kuba utagishoboye gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina bitewe nibyo bisebe ndetse no gufungana kwigitsina,
• Gukurizamo uburwayi bwa kanseri,
• Kugira umunuko ukabije udashira,
• Guhabwa akato naburi wese bitewe numunuko uhorana udashira.
• Kugira ihungabana muri wowe bitewe nuko abo mubana cg aho ugugenda bagufata,
• Gutandukana nuwo mwashakanye,
• Kwiha akato bitewe nuko ubona sosiyete yaguteranye, nibindi bitandukanye tutavuze hano.

Ese nibiki byagufasha kwirinda kugira ikibazo cya Obstetric Fistula?

• Kubyarira kwa muganga.
• Kubona umubyaza wabihuguriwe vuba byihuse igihe hakenewe ko ubagwa ngo ubyare.
• Politiki yigihugu yo kwita kubagore batwite, bakagezwa aho babyarira biboroheye, nigihe bagize ikibazo cyo kurwara obstetric fistula bagahabwa ubufasha bukenewe bavugwa.
• Kuba hari ibitaro byita kubagore bihagije kandi biboneka hose.
• Kwigishwa uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro ndetse no kubunga bunga ubuzima bwawe nubw'umwana.
• Kongera ubukangurambaga bwiyi ndwara ya obstetric fistula.
• Gushaka imyanya myibarukiro yarakuze bihagije.
• Politiki ya leta yo kurwanya ubukene no kurya iryo yuzuye.