Diyabete ni indwara ibaho mugihe umubiri wawe udashoboye gufata cg gukoresha isukari (izwi mundimi zamanga nka glucose) mu ngirabuzimafatizo (cell) zayo no kuyikoresha mu mukurema imbaraga umubiri ukenera. Ibi bikaba aribyo bikuviramo kwiyongera kw’isukari mumaraso yawe.
Nkuko tubikesha urubuga rwa “Cleveland clinic” iyo iyi indwara ya diyabete itagenzuwe neza ishobora gukurura cg kugutera ingaruka zikomeye, igatera kwangirika kw’ingingo zinyuranye z'umubiri wawe, harimo umutima, ibirenge, impyiko, urwunga rw'amaraso, iyakura myakura (mundimi zamahanga arizo nerves), n'amaso.
Urubuga rwikigo cyabanyamerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara kizwi nka CDC (Center for Diseases Control and Prevention) cyagaraje ko hari ubwoko butatu butandukanye bwa diyabete (ubwoko bwa mbere, ubwoko bwa kabiri, ni ubwoko buterwa no kuba utwite).
Ubwoko bwambere (Type 1 diabetes)
Ni ubwoko bwa diyabete buterwa no kuba umubiri wirwanya ubwawo (Autoimmune). Ibi bibuza umubiri wawe gukora umusemburo wa insirine (Insulin) umubiri wawe ukenera.
Nkuko tubikesha imbuga za www.who.int (umuryango muzamahanga wita kubuzima) na www.nhs.uk (NHS) bigaragaza ko mu abantu bose barwaye iyi indwara ya diyabete hafi batanu kugeza ku icumi ku ijana (Approximately 5 to 10%) ari abafite ubwoko bwa mbere (type 1 diabetes). uruga rwa www.cdc.gov (CDC) rugaragaza ko ibimenyetso bya diyabete yo mubwoko bwa mbere bikunze kwigaragaza vuba cg byigaragaza byihuse.
Iyi ndwara ya diyabete y'ubwoko bwa mbere ikunze kuboneka cg kugaragara mubana bato, abana bingimbi, no mubakuze ariko badakuze cyane twavuga ko ari nkibikwere (young adult).
Ict: Mubisanzwe ntago bizwi icyo wakora ngo wirinde iyi diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere.
Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri (Type 2 diabetes mellitus)
Iyi diyabete yo mubwoko bwa kabiri iterwa no kuba umubiri wawe uba utabona umusemburo wa insirine uhagije, biterwa no kuba impindura itavubura umusemburo uhagije mumaraso cg umubiri ukaba udakoresha neza insirine bityo bigatuma umubiri wawe utabasha kugumana isukari ihagije mu maraso.
Nkuko bigaragazwa nurubuga rwa CDC ubu bwoko bwa kabiri bwa diyabete nibwo bwiganje cg nibwo bukunze kugaragara kuko hafi mingo icyenda kugeza kuri mingo icyenda na gatanu (90 to 95%) ari abafite ubwoko bwa kabiri.
Iyi ndwara ikunze gutwara igihe kinini kugira itangire kugaragaza ibimenyetso.Nkuko tubikesha urubuga rwa CHI health na CDC iyi ndwara igaragaza ibimenyetso itinze. Aha twavuga bimwe mubimenyetso kwihagarika buri kanya kandi utanyweye ibinyobwa byinshi, kugira inyota bidasnzwe, kugira inzara bidasnzwe, umunaniro udashira, kubabara amaso, kurwara za infection (soma imfegisiyo) za hato na hato, kutagira ushake bwogutera akabariro, kumva utuntu tumeze nudusumari dushinga mubirenge no kubabara muntoki, ndetse no kiyongera cg kugabanuka ibiro bikabije.
Iyi ikunze kugaragara mubakuze ariko nanone igaragara no mubato ndetse no mungimbi tutibagiwe nabadakuze cyane. Bivuzeko ibyiciro byose ibonekamo ariko ikibasira cyane abafite imyaka myinshi cg abageze muzabukuru.
Ubu bwoko bwa kabiri iyo uburwaye ntushobora kubona ibimenyetso byacyo nakimwe kuko bitinda kwigaragaza, ariyo mpamvu bakunda kuyita umwicanyi ucecetse (silent killer).
Rero urasabwa kujya ufata igihe ukajya kwamuganga bakagufasha kumenya niba ufite iyi ndwara cyane abaturuka mumiryango ikunda kugira ibyago byakugira iyi dwara ya diyabete yubwoko bwa 2. Itazibuka byarenze inkombe, bikaba byakuviramo urupfu rutunguranye kuberako yiyorobeka bikarangira iguhitanye.
Ict: Indwara ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ishobora gukumirwa cyangwa kutinza kukugira ingaruka hamwe nubuzima bwiznoguhindura imyitwarire yawe, nko kugabanya ibiro, kurya iryo yuzuye (bifite intunga mubiri), no gukora siporo bihoraho.
Diabete yabagore batwite (Gestational diabetes)
Iyi ni indwara ya diyabete yibasira abagore batwite batigeze barwara diyabete. Niba ufite diyabete yubu bwoko, umwana wawe utwite ashobora kugira ibibazo byubuzima muhazaza he cg umutwite.
Ubu bwoko bwa diyabete bukunze kugenda nyuma yuko umwana wawe avutse ariko bikongerera ibyago byo kurwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri mubuzima bwawe bwahazaza.
Ict: Uruhinja rwawe narwo rushobora kugira umubyibuho ukabije mubwana cyangwa mubugimbi, kandi uyu mwana nawe birashoboka cyane kurwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri muhazaza hubuzima bwe.
Impine zamagambo zakoreshejwe
Ict: Icyitonderwa
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