Menya uburyo bukunogeye bwo kuboneza urubyaro wakoresha

 

Iyi shusho igaragaza uko uburyo bwokuboneza urubyaro zirutanwa mukurinda gusama inda zitateganijwe (effectiveness).

Uburyo bwo kuringaniza imbyaro bukoreshwa bugiye buratandukanye cyane. Hariho uburyo bwishi kuburyo bitewe numubiri wawe cyangwa imiterere yubuzima bwawe ubayemo wabona uburyo bukunogeye. Mubusanzwe, hari uburyo bugera kuri 12 muri rusange bwokuboneza urubyaro. Ubwo buryo butandukanye harimo uburyo bukoresha imisemburo (hormone), nuburyo bwa kamere budakoresha imisemburo. Muri ubu buryo butandukanye bwo kuboneza urubyaro hari ubwo ushobora gukoresha ishuro imwe (urugero: Norlevo pill) cyangwa ubwo gukoresha igihe kirekire (urugero: Microgynon pill).

Waba utekereza kugerageza uburyo bushya bwo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa ushaka gusa kumenya byinshi kubwoko buhari bwo kuboneza urubyaro, wabonye ahantu heza harabigufashamo. Turabizi umurimo wo guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuboneza urubyaro ushobora kuba utoroshye, kubwibyo twabiguteguriye muburyo bwimbitse. Dore ibyo ukeneye kumenya kuburyo butandukanye bwo kuboneza urubyaro kugirango ufate icyemezo cyiza cyumubiri wawe nicy’ubuzima bwawe:

1. Kuringaniza urubyaro bya burundu

Ubu ni uburyo bwo kubaga uduce two mumyanya myibarukiro butuma umubiri w’umugabo udashobora gukora gutanga intanga ngabo itera inda (hakorwa ibyo bita vasectomy mundimi zamahanga) cyangwa umubiri umugore udashobora gutanga intanga ngore yatera gusama (hakorwa ibyo bita tubal ligation cg tubal block). Ubu buryo bwo kuringaniza imbyaro bwa  burundu ntibushobora kongera gusububizwa nkuko wahoze igihe wongeye gushaka kubyara,nkuko tubikesha urubuga rwa www.plannedparenthood.org ubu buryo burizewe kugera kukigero cya mirongo icyenga ni cyenda ku ijana (99%).

2. Agakoresho kabigenewe gacengezwa muri nyababyeyi (IntraUterine Device)

Ubu buryo bukorwa hifashwa igikoresho gito gafite ishusho yinyuguti ya T kinjizwa imbere muri nyababyeyi n’umumuganga kugirango wirinde gusama kukigero cya 99% nkuko bigarazwa nurubuga rwo kuri murandasi rwa www.shcs.ucdavis.edu. Nukuvuga ko abagore batageze kuri rimwe ku ijana (1%)  aribo bazasama buri mwaka nibakoresha ubu buryo IntraUterine Device (mumagambo ahinye IUD). Aka gakoresho kaboneka muburyo budakoresha imisemburo gakozwe mu umuringa (Copper) hamwe nagakozwe kuburyo bukoresha imisemburo gakozwe muri pasitike (plastic). Uburyo bwa IUD ni bumwe muburyo bwiza bwo kuboneza urubyaro kandi bushobora kumara hagati yimyaka 3 kugeza 10 bitewe nubwoko wahisemo. Ubu buryo uko bukora bubuza intanga ngabo (sperm) kwihuza n’igi ry’intanga ngore (prevent fertilizing an egg).

3. Implant

Ubu buryo bukorwa hifashijwe akanyabutabire gatoya kameze nkagakoni gatoya gashyirwa na muganga munsi yuruhu rwu kuboko (kugice kibizigira), ubu buryo bwizewe kukigero cya 99%. Abagore batageze kuri 1 kuri 100 kumwaka bazasama bakoresheje ubu buryo bwa implant (soma impurante), iyi mibare iratugaragariza ko ubu buryo bwizewe rwose. Ubu buryo iyo ubukorresheje bumara imyaka itatu (3), burekura imusemburo wa progestin (soma projesitine), uyu musemburo utuma udusabo tuba tutarekura amagi (female egg), kandi ikanagabanya ururenda rwo mumura, bityo rero bikagora ko intanga ngabo (sperm) kwinjira muri nyababyeyi.

4. Kurasa (The shot)

Ubu buryo ni umuti ukozwe mu umusemburo wa progestin uterwa n’umuganga hakoreshejwe urushinge ruterwa kumaboko cyangwa ikibuno, ubwirinzi bwo kuba wasama bukamara amezi atatu kandi ubu buryo bukurinda gutwita kukigero cya 99%. Ubu buryo buzwi ku izina rya Depo-Provera (soma depo porovera). Uyu muti uterwa murushinge utuma udusabo twumugore cg umukobwa utarekura amagi (eggs) no kugabanya ururenda rwo mumura, bityo bikaba bigoye ko intanga ngabo zinjira muri nyababyeyi.

 5. Impeta yinjizwa mugitsina cy’umugore (The Vaginal Ring)

Ubu buryo bukorwa hinjizwa impeta yabigenewe mu gitsina cy’umugore cg umukobwa bya buri kwezi. Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa vaginal ring, arizo NuvaRing (soma nuvaringi) na Annovera (soma anovera). NuvaRing imara mugitsina igihe cy’ibwumweru bitanu (5), ukayikuramo ugashyiramo indi. Naho Annovera ikoreshwa igihe cy’umwaka wose (13cycles). Uko Annovera ikoreshwa  uyishyira mugitsina mugihe cy’ibyumweru bitatu, ukayivanamo hagashira icyumweru kimwe (igihe cy’iminsi 7). Bivuzeko umara iminsi irindwi nta mpeta ya Annovera iri mugitsina ukabona kongera ukayishyiramo nanone ukundi kwezi gukurikiyeho. Iyi mpeta ya Annovera wayikoresha igihe ufite ukwezi (ukwezi kumugore) kwiminsi 28 kudahinduka.  Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha izi mpeta burizewe mukubuza gusama (gutwita) kukigero cya 99% iyo bukereshejwe neza. Impeta yo mu gitsina irekura imisemburo ibuza udusabo twumugore cg umukobwa utarekura amagi (eggs) no kugabanya ururenda rwo mumura, bityo bikaba bigoye ko intanga ngabo zinjira muri nyababyeyi.

6. Akomeko (Patch)

 Ubu buryo bwa patch (soma paci) bukoreshwa homekwa agakoresho kabugenewe ahariho hose ku uruhu (uretse ku mabere) by’umugore cg umukobwa buri cyumweru. Ubu buryo ba patch burizewe mukurinda gusama kukigero cya  99%. Patch yometswe kuruhu irekura imisemburo ibuza udusabo twumugore cg umukobwa utarekura amagi (eggs) no kugabanya ururenda rwo y'umura, bityo bikaba bigoye ko intanga ngabo zinjira muri nyababyeyi.

7. Ibinini (Pills)

 Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ufata ikini buri munsi (ku isaha imwe idahinduka) kugirango wirinde gusama. Ubu buryo burinda gutwita kukigero cya 99%. Ibinini birekura imisemburo (progestin gusa cyangwa cg ikomatanye nindi misemburo) kugira ngo udusabo twumugore cg umukobwa tutarekura amagi (eggs) no kugabanya ururenda rwo mumura, bityo bikaba bigoye ko intanga ngabo zinjira muri nyababyeyi.

8. Agakingirizo (Condom)

Uburyo bukoreshwa hifashijwe udufuka duto twabigenewe dukozwe muri latex cyangwa polyurethane twambikwa igitsina cy’umugabo cyahagurutse (erect penis) kugirango intanga ngore zitinjira mu gitsina cyumugore mugihe cyo gusohora (Ejaculation). Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha agakingirizo kabagabo burinda gusama (gutwita) kukigero cya 98%. 

Hari nudukingirizo twabagore twinjizwa mu gitsina cy’umugore mbere yogutangira gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha agakinirizo kabagore turinda ibyago byokuba wasama kukigero cya 95%. Ibi bivuze ko abagore 5 kuri 100 (5%) aribo bonyine bazasama mugihe hakoreshejwe agakingirizo kabagore.

Ict: Uretse kuba agakingirizo hahendutse kandi kanaboneka ahantu henshi, gafasha nomukwirinda kwandura indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.

9. Kuringaniza imbyaro byihutirwa (Emergency Contraception)

Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ufata ikinini cyabigenewe vuba bishoboka umaze gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Kuringaniza imbyaro byihutirwa bishobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyiminsi itanu nyuma yimibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye. Ubu buryo bushobora kuboneka muburyo bwibinini cyangwa umuringa (IntraUterine Divice). Kuringaniza imbyaro byihutirwa birinda gutwita habaho kurinda guhura ku intanga ngabo n’intanga ngore no kugabanya ururenda rwo mumura.

 

10. Imiti yica intanga ngabo (Spermicide)

Ubu buryo bukoreshwa hifashishwa imiti ikoze mutunyabutabire twica intanga ngabo, yoherezwa mugitsina cy'umugore imbe. Iyi miti ishora kuboneka imeze nka supozitwari (Vaginal suppository or pessaries) cg film (Soma filime) eponge (Soma eponje) basunikira mugitsina cg ibinini bishonga. Ubu buryo burinda gutwita cg gusama kukiero cya 82%. Bivuze ngo abagore 18 ku 100 (18%) bonnyine aribo bazasama mugihe cy’umwaka nibahora bakoresha imiti yica intanga ngabo nkuko byateganijwe. Iyi miti yica intanga ngabo yinjizwa mugitsina cy’umugore mbere gato yo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye,  igatuma habaho kudadira cg kwifunga kw’inkondo y'umura, cg igahagarika intanga ngabo kuga mu mura kugira igane ahari igi ry’intanga ngore.

11. Kuboneza urubyaro muburyo bwa kamere (Fertility Awareness/ Natural Family Planning)

Ubu buryo bwo kuringaniza urubyaro muburyo bwa kamere bikorwa umugore abara iminsi igize ukwezi kwe, akabikora igihe nibura cy’amezi atatu kugira ngo amenye iminsi igize ukwezi kwe. Kumenya iminsi igize ukwezi kwe bimufasha kumenya igihe aba ari mugihe cy’uburumbuke, akaba yanagereranya igihe udusabo twe tuzarekurira intanga ngore. Ibi bizwi nkigihe cya ovirasiyo (ovulation period), iki gihe nibwo uba wasama igihe ukoze imibonano mbuza bitsina idakingiye, rero ukaba wakwifata ntukore imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye cg ugakoresha agakingirizo. Ushobora nokureba uko umuriro wumubiri wawe ugenda uhindagurika, nanone ushobora kureba uko amatemba buzi yomugitsina cyawe aameze (ushyira hagati yintoki ebyiri ukareba niba bisa nibireduka cyane). Iyo ubu buryo bukoreshejwe neza burinda gutwita cg gusama kukigero cya 76%. Nukuvuga ko abagore 24 kuri 100 (24%) bakoresha gahunda yo kuboneza urubyaro bwa kamere bazatwita nibakoresha ubu buryo neza mugihe cy’umwaka, nubwo byaba byakozwe neza.

 12. Kwiyakana (Withdrawal/Pull-out Method)

Ubu buryo bukorwa umugabo akura igitsina cye mugitsina cy’umugore igihe agiye gusohora arimo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye. Ubu buryo bwo kwiyakana burinda gusama kukigero cya 73% mugihe bikozwe neza. Bivuze ko abagore 27 kuri 100 (27%) bakoresha ubu buryo bwo kwiyakana bazasama buri mwaka, kabone niyo byakoreshwa neza. Wibuke ko, burigihe hariho amahirwe yo gutwita niba intanga zinjiye mumyanya ndangabitsina.

 

Ibi byose byakusanyijwe hifashijwe:

• https://shcs.ucdavis.edu /health-topic/birth-control-contraception
• https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001946.htm
• https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception
• https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm
• https://www.familyplanning.org.nz/advice/contraception/contraception-methods
• https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/birth-control-methods
• https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/natural-family-planning-methods
• https://www.plannedparenthood.org/planned-parenthood-pacific-southwest/blog/12-types-of-birth-control